![]() ![]() The methodology of MCDA has extensively been used in various disciplines, with healthcare experiencing limited but growing application. This also implies that the main goals of decision-makers are represented by predefined and clearly stated criteria that optimally result in a transparent decision-making framework. Explicitly considering multiple criteria and structuring complex decision problems leads to better understanding of the question, which in turn makes the decision-making process easier (as complex problems are broken down into smaller and more consistent pieces) and more consistent. Multiple criteria or multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) – also known as multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) – is the collective name of formal approaches that support decision making by taking into account multiple criteria in an explicit and transparent way. Unfortunately, priority setting when choosing among health interventions is often ad hoc and resources are not used to an optimal extent. The comparison of different scenarios has to be based on well-defined priorities that reflect on the preferences of the stakeholders. Optimal resource allocation necessitates rational priority setting and a transparent decision-making framework, in order to reach health policy objectives. The typical aim of priority setting when considering healthcare interventions is to reach various policy goals for example, maximizing general population health, reducing health inequalities, supporting disadvantaged or vulnerable groups, while taking into account budgetary constraints. Healthcare decisions are therefore ideally not based on a single criterion, but on a set of criteria, such as equity or fairness, efficacy or effectiveness, stakeholder interests and pressures, cost–effectiveness, strength of evidence, and safety. Decision-making at micro, meso and macro levels of healthcare is a complex issue, strongly characterized by conflicting aims, that often results in a situation when there is a trade-off between equity and efficiency. ![]()
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